TYPES OF CRUSHERS

Generally the Crushers are classified in the basis of the following kinds of configuration are as follows:-

TYPES ON THE BASIS OF FEED METHOD

1. Primary Crushers.

Primary crushers have the ability to obtain crushing material (a material that has to be crushed) directly from the source, i.e. that such type of crusher is fixed from where the material is taken. The primary crusher is only for breaking large stones into pieces (this does not mean the primary crusher is for composite size material). Example of primary crushers is jaw crusher; Hammer mill crusher and gyratory crusher. After obtaining the primary crusher produce crushing material and reducing to a fresh new size of source material. The primary crusher has only served up to that point.

2. Secondary Crushers.

After the Primary Crusher, Now a secondary crusher comes into action then further reduces the size. In secondary crusher some shapes of stones can pass directly through the sieve number 4. Examples of secondary crusher are cone crusher, roll crusher and hammer mill crusher.

3. Tertiary Crushers.

Finally the tertiary crusher greatly reduces the size of the crushed pieces to the required size and it also fixes the crushed material. Tertiary crushers are on the job site and are small in size. The material is first transported from the source with the help of a dump truck. Some tertiary crushers are roll crushers, rod mill crusher and ball mill crusher.

TYPES O N THE BASIS OF TRANSPORTATION

1. Mobile Crushers.

Mobile crushers are track-mounted rock crushers that are easy to move on and between production sites. They are widely used in aggregate production, recycling applications and mining operations. Mobile crushers can replace stationary push systems, reducing the need for traction and consequently reducing operating costs.

2. Portable Crushers.

Portable crushers are wheel-mounted rock crushers, or also known as portable crushing plants. They can easily be transported to another location - for example between production sites. Often used in aggregate production and recycling applications, or in mining operations, portable crushers can screen on the same frame as the crushing unit.

3. Impact Crushers.

Impact crushers are generally used in aggregate production, mining operations, and recycling applications. Depending upon the type of impact crusher, they are also known for highly reduced ratios and capacities to produce precisely shaped cubic end product material. Impact crushers can be used in all different stages of size reduction from primary pressure to the final stage of the crushing process.

TYPES ON THE BASIS OF NORMAL CONFIGURATION

1. Jaw Crushers.

Jaw crushers are mainly used as primary crushers. Their main purpose is to reduce the material to a size small enough that carriers can carry it to the next crushing stages.As the name implies, jaw crushers shrink to rock and other materials ranging from fixed jaw to jug. The moving jaw is mounted on a pitman with reciprocal motion, while the jaw remains fixed. When the material runs between the two jaws, the jaws compress larger boulders into smaller pieces.

JAW CRUSHER

There are two types of jaw crushers in jaw crusher i.e. single toggle and double toggle. In the single toggle jaw crusher, there is an eccentric shaft on top of the crusher. Rotation of shaft, along with the toggle plate, causes compression.A double toggle crusher have two shafts and two toggle plates. The first shaft is a pivot shaft that is on top of the crusher, the other is the eccentric shaft that drives both toggle plates.

The chewing movement, which creates compression at both material intake and discharge, gives better individual toggle penetration, compared to double toggle clutches of the same size. Metso's jaw pulls are single toggles.

2. Gyratory Crushers.

Whirlpool crushers are more commonly used in the primary crushing phase and slightly less often in the secondary phase. Steep crushers have an oscillating shaft. The material is reduced in a pressurized cavity, ranging from an external fixed element or bowl liner to an internal moving element i.e. mantle mounted on the oscillation shaft assembly.

The fragmentation of the material results from the constant compression that occurs between the linings around the room. Then there is further crushing effect occurs between the compressed particles which resulting in less wear of the liners. Whirlpool crushers are fitted with a hydraulic position adjustment system, allowing the grading of the crushed material to be regulated.

3. Cone Crushers.

Cone crushers are technically similar to whirlpool crushers, but unlike whirlpool crushers, cone crushers are popular at secondary, tertiary and quadruple pressure stages. Sometimes, however, the grain content of the processed material is naturally small and does not require the traditional primary crushing phase. In these cases, cone crushers can make the first step of the crushing process.

Cone crushers has an oscillating shaft, and then the material is pressed into a pressurized cavity, between an external fixed element as bowl liner and an internal moving element i.e. mantle mounted on the oscillation shaft assembly.

CONE CRUSHER

Eccentric shaft rotated by gear and pinion. An eccentric shaft rotated with gear and pinion produces the oscillatory movement of the main shaft. Due to the eccentricity the cone head is oscillated between an open side position and a loose opening of a closed side position.

The fragmentation of the material results from the constant compression that occurs between the linings around the room. Then crushing occurs between the compressed particles, resulting in less wear of the liners. This is also known as interparticle push.The cone crushers are equipped with a hydraulic position adjustment system, which changes closed-side arrangement and affects the product's grading accordingly.

Depending on a cone crusher, the arrangement can be adjusted in two ways. The first way is to adjust by rotating the bowl against the threads so that the vertical position of the portion of the outer (concave) wear is changed. One advantage of this type of adjustment is that liners wear more evenly.

Another principle is to adjust adjustment by raising or lowering the main shaft. An advantage of this is that it can adjust continuously under load.

To optimize operating costs and improve the shape of the product it is suggested that cone crushers are constantly fed, meaning that the cavity should be as full of rock material as possible. This can be easily achieved by using a stockpile or silo to regulate the inevitable fluctuation of feedstocks. Monitoring devices detect the maximum and minimum levels of the material, starting and stopping the feed of the material to the crusher, as required.

4. Impact Crushers.

Impact crushers are versatile pressure machines that can be used at any stage of the crushing process. However, there are major differences between the features and capabilities of different types of impact crusher.

Impact crushers have traditionally been classified into two main types: horizontal shaft impact crushers (HSI) and vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI). These different types of impact crushers share the principle of pressure, impact, to reduce the material to smaller sizes, but preferred features, capabilities, and applications are far from complete.

Traditionally, impact crushers have been classified into two main types: horizontal shaft impact crushers (HSI) and vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI). These different types of impact crushers share the principle of pressure, impact, to reduce the material to smaller sizes, but the best features, capabilities, and applications are far from complete.

A VSI crusher can be considered a 'stone pump' which acts as a centrifugal pump. The material is fed through the center of the rotor, where it is accelerated to high speed before being released through openings on the rotor edge. The material is crushed while hitting the external body at high speed and due to rocks colliding.

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